Executive Summary
One of the primary aims of this book is to explore how the drug trade signals, opens, and moves across ruptures in established boundaries, divisions, and points of tension that are remnants of Detroit’s postwar era. These remnants form categories through which the city is most commonly understood by its residents and scholars of its history and contemporary social scene. Such distinctions are drawn into the intimate social landscape of the city and become inscribed into the habitual rhythms of its residents as they move through its built spaces, like liquor stores divided by bulletproof glass. Involvement in the drug trade can be a means for young people to imagine and create social spaces and identities that foil tectonic social pressures that are pervasive in the African American community.
Infamous for its abandoned building, empty lots, and blighted streets, Detroit may be the only American city to have earned such an epithet. As a teenager who frequently visited Detroit with his father, Luke Bergmann saw the devastation cause by the collapse of the automobile industry. Years later, he return to the city as an anthropologist to study the incarceration of inner-city youth, and his research connected him with two teenage drug dealers, Dude Freeman a sixteen year old Easter Sider and Rodney Phelps a seventeen year old West Sider. For nearly three years Luke Bergmann lived on the Detroit’s West Side, handing out with Dude and Rodney, driving around, hearing their stories of drug trade of them and their families. Luke Bergmann also speaks about him witnessing some of the intricacies of Detroit’s urban drug trade.
Soon after spending time with both boys, Luke become more than just an observer he becomes more as a close friend. He displays this in the book when Luke reaches out to the boys by attempting to help Dude get back in school and by also having tutoring sections with Rodney for his GED. Luke also intervenes by talking with Dude’s probation officer when he misses a hearing with hopes of getting him off the hook of violating his parole. He also is there for Rodney when Luke becomes Rodney’s only contact when he flees the city to escape criminal charges. Through it all, Luke strives to understand Dude and Rodney’s lives, their families, and the neighborhoods that a full of drugs trade, discrimination, and poverty, in which they call home.
In an effort to break through the conventional wisdom about who sells drugs and why they chose that life style, Luke Bergmann chronicles the unsetting alchemy of choice, forced of habit, structural inequality, and political neglect that all combine to restrict the horizons of too many young people in American’s cities. As Dude and Rodney walk in and out of the revolving doors of the juvenile detention facility, “getting ghost” becomes a rich metaphor for leaving a scene, for quitting the drug trade, and ultimately the phase is for mortality. As their lives and stories brushed against one another in the detention facility and then headed toward different sides of the city, Dude and Rodney found both great promise and tired despair in the drug trade. And as each puzzled over how and in what direction to steer their lives, lethal violence would redraw the maps of their experience.
The Ten Things Managers Need to Know fromGetting Ghost
1. Managers need to know that it takes everyone’s involvement to run any type of business.
2. There comes a time in every business where businesses get slow but don’t get discourage just keep on going.
3. The best way to assure profits is by keeping the customers satisfied.
4. Make sure that you are treating employees far, if not they will leave your business and join a competitor. This may result in your company losing business.
5. Managers should encourage all their employees to work as a team and explain the benefits of working as a team.
6. It’s good to provide feedback regularly and lets employees know exactly what you as a manage want instead of them trying to figure it out. The end results would be a lot better.
7. Make sure you, as while as the people working for you, thoroughly know the business.
8. A good motivation tactic particularly for employees in sales is money. As long as employees are satisfied with the amount of money they make it motives them to work even harder.
9. Working in a fast paced industry takes hard work and dedication; managers need to make sure that their employees are will away of this before they hire them. They also need to know that fast paced industries tend to be very competitive and they need to work hard in order to conquer their goal.
10. Managers, especially entrepreneur need to know that it is possible to start a business with nothing and make millions of dollars. It just takes time and dedication.
Full Summary of Getting Ghost
“Introduction”
Luke, the narrator, opens the book by comparing the shocking conditions of the Linwood and Dexter areas of Detroit from when he was a child until now which was over thirty years later. The neighborhood’s conversion from a middle-class Jewish enclave lined with delis and other shops into a symbol of the late-century urban crisis. There were vacant lots, abandoned houses, closed storefronts, and exclusively African American residents had been less gradual than punctuated by episodes of extraordinarily rapid demographic, infrastructural, and institutional change. Even relatively young people in the neighborhood, none of whom had live through the postwar transformation of the city, could recognize and would acknowledge this historical discontinuity. They knew that something cataclysmic had happen in their city. They also understood that Detroit had become an emblem of both the promise and disappointment of recent U.S. history. Young people in the neighborhood felt that dramatic shifts were still afoot, that along with the big developments downtown the city was tilting toward change again. As the city around them was changing, young men and boys on the street where Luke was living were themselves elusive subjects, always “getting ghost” they would say, as they floated in and out the drug trade game and weaved their way through lives of economic enterprise and circumscribed opportunity. As young drug dealers strive to find ways toward “legal” jobs and straight lives, getting ghost is a metaphor for leaving a scene, quitting the trade, and for their own mortality. Despite their occasional bravado, all of the young people on the block had hopes of avoiding the early and ignominious deaths of so many young black street salesmen. This was something that was common, but still extraordinary in Detroit’s poor neighborhoods, which are populated both with the old ghosts of those who left long ago and the young ghost of those recently lost. In a context shaped by the historical struggle over and for the soul of Detroit, Getting Ghost is about how the drug trade and the legacies of the city’s post war history become interwoven with the always emerging identities of young people in Detroit. It’s about how the drug trade shapes the meanings that they ascribe to the lives and deaths in their midst, and the basic spaces that constitute their experience. Luke became acquainted with the ghost of Detroit in means of trying to understand and write about the Motor City in the postindustrial age and the lives of young street drug dealers. In this book Luke takes you into the lives of Dude Freeman, a 16 year old East Sider, who’s locked up for possession of a concealed weapon and Rodney Phelps, a 17year old West Sider who’s locked up and awaiting a trail for the shooting of someone on a busy corner in the Dexter-Linwood neighborhood, whom he both met while doing an internship at a juvenile detention facility. Growing up both boys families was a notorious fixture to the drug trade. When Luke would visit them, dealing drugs was the top of conversation in most cases. Even though it was the main top of conversation both boys know that they could not be in the drug trade game for ever.
“Detroit Revisited, Revisionist History”
In this Chapter Luke talks about the actually change that is taking place while he’s in Detroit. In 2001, on the eve of its three hundredth birthday, Detroit’s image makes, the captains of industry, service, and politic in the city, gave themselves an almost incomprehensibly strange task. The Detroit 300 Committee, which was something they called themselves, said their charged was to honor and celebrate a city that has become, more than any other in the United States, emblematic of postindustrial urban tragedy. In the relatively recent past, Detroit has undergone reimagining similar to those undertaken by the Detroit 300 Committee. With the opening, in the late 1970s, of the riot-proof “Renaissance Center,” a gathering of cylindrical glass skyscrapers that was to hold office and retail space in the deserted central business district along the Detroit River, the city proclaimed itself born anew. But over the past twenty years that followed, the Renaissance Center and the accompanying rebirth had a negligible economic effect as well as a dispiriting social impact on the city. The anniversary wasn’t just a nod toward what Detroit might become it was also a formulation of what Detroit was and an opportunity to suggest a logic connecting Detroit’s past with a future worthy of self-congratulation.
The Detroit metro area is one of the most segregated in the nation. While the city is mostly black, the whites and ethnic minorities who do reside in Detroit themselves live in markedly segregated neighborhoods. In the last few years, General Motors had moved into the Renaissance Center and Compuware had built a headquarters in the central business district. Three casinos have gone up as well as brand new professional football and baseball stadiums. The construction of a huge new shopping district on Cadillac Square at the center of downtown has been progressing. A major logic behind all these developments is to bring suburban and likely white people back to the city. Luke reveals that the primary human-hewn geographic maker in Detroit is Woodward Avenue. Woodward divides the city into halves, designated as the East and West sides and for many residents of Detroit; allegiance to one or the other is a lifelong proposition. Detroit is now one of the poorest biggest cities in the country. One in three people there are living in poverty, and the mean income is several thousand dollars below the national average.
Today, Detroit’s small businesses are where people of multiple racial and ethnic identities come with one another most directly. African Americans are conspicuously absent from the small business community in their own neighborhoods in Detroit. That isn’t because of the lack of interest in entrepreneurial work. African Americans are acutely aware of their exclusion from legitimate retail activity in Detroit. Because of the predominant absence of blacks from the business community, young African Americans often think and talk about the drug trade in opposition to legitimate retail operations.
“Renewal, Relocation, and Riot”
In chapter three, Luke trace a brief history of the configuration of urban space in Detroit with an eye toward its significance for and resonance among families and young people involved in the drug trade today. In telling about Detroit’s past, he emphasized two defining phenomena in the city: urban renewal, which begun in the early twentieth century and extending though the turn of the twenty-first, and the rioting of 1967. Both have shaped Detroit, and continue to shape sentiments among contemporary young drug dealers about business, home, and community. Thousands of building, both residences and business, were moved and destroyed to accommodate freeway and highway construction. Black residents in Paradise Valley and other parts of the city, many of whom were renters and thus were offered no relocation assistance, faced the brunt of this construction storm. The most densely populated and dilapidated black neighborhoods were replaced with towering, cleaning, high rise-apartments, civic institutions, and hospital and the former habitants were relocated to other neighborhoods. Because the city refused to build affordable or public housing that would be available before residents would have to more, and because the city left members of almost all households to find new accommodations without governmental assistance, many had no place to go. The most deleterious aspect of postwar urban renewal programs was the lack of expediency. Between 1948 and 1971, out of the twenty-seven projects that were started, only four were completed. As for the small business owners, postwar urban renewal programs were no less disruptive. 57% of black-owned businesses did not survive the relocation process, compared to 35% of white-owned businesses.
“Called by a Holy Name”
In Chapter four, Luke concludes the historical interlude that was discussed in the two previous chapters, by describing an episode of social confrontation among residents of Detroit’s lower East Side. He states that the staged and spontaneous, as the residents of perform and articulate historically informed anxieties about race, class and privilege through their concerns about the politics of small business and home ownership in Detroit. As described in the episode Lou Nafso, who’s a black business owner proposes his plans of wanting to open up a new convenience and liquor store on Mark Avenue. He wanted to sell hard liquid there so he was advised to get a petition sign from people in the area. The city approved the liquor license, but Mack Alive, a community group opposed this and said they wasn’t going to let the store open without pitting a public battle. The building that Nafso wanted to open up shop in has been vacant for almost twenty years and now that he wants to invest money in it Mack Alive want to protest again it so they could expand a Chrysler plant which would destroy the neighborhood. Even with all the organization’s political and economic influence, Mack Alive’s effort to thwart Nafso’s plans ultimately fell short. The store was eventually built and it’s now a fixture of the neighborhood landscape, where folks from all around the neighborhood stop to buy food and drink.
“Families and Fortunes, Spots and Homes”
This chapter heads deeper into the lives of Dude and his family that is deeply embroiled in the drug trade in Detroit. This family wakes and sleeps at the moving nexus of home and spot. Their story is also a window on the dream-space home, as Gaston Bachelard imagines it, where memories of former dwelling places shape future dreams. While Dude was still locked up at the detention facility, he had given Luke directions to his mother’s place so he could visit her there. Dude had phoned his mother to let her know that Luke would be stopping by to discuss the research paper he was doing. Ruby, Dude’s mother told Luke that she had spent her whole life trying to get away from the drug trade environment. Ruby was born in Mobile, Alabama but was forced to move to southeast Detroit with her old sister, Jessica Lee, after her mother had passed. After getting pregnant with her second child she moved Rudy became lonely and restless. Ruby caught the eye of her best friend’s brother Marvin Robertson. Nearly everyone in the Robertson family was involved in dealing drugs. Ruby’s best friend ended up getting killed behind some drugs. With her friend’s death, Rudy felt especially drawn to Marvin and before long there had moved in together. A few weeks later, Marvin started selling crack out of the house, and Rudy quickly found another place to live. Ruby moved around frequently because Marvin would always follow her.
After talking to Ruby, Luke heads back to the youth center. There Dude and Luke engage in a conversation about the current circumstances of his charges. He also spoke about his childhood idealization of the police, informed by exposure to the drug trade through his immediate family. He went into detail about an incident that current at his sister house on Van Dyke. His sister was selling drugs out of the house and one day the cops raided the house and hand cuffed everyone in there including Ruby. Dude and his sister were upstairs so they managed to throw the drugs out the window before the cops made it up there. Dude explained to Luke that’s it was time to start getting serious and take care of his family, he was 14, 15 handling 0 and he use to be out just spending money for no reason. He told Luke that he look at the reason he was selling dope back then and it was for no reason now he says that when he get out he’s gone to sell for a reason and that’s to take care of his family.
“The Thickness of Blood”
Dude is released from the detention facility. Not long after he is released Luke goes to meet him only to find out from his mother that he has been gone for a few days. About a week later Luke stopped by again still to find out that Dude still hasn’t been home and that his probation officer, had stopped by and seemed upset that he wasn’t around. Luke and Ruby decided to go look for Dude. While driving through southwest Detroit looking for Dude, Ruby and Luke pass familiar places that brought back intense memories to Ruby, memories that where so intense that it brought tears to her eyes. As the afternoon turned to evening, Ruby was dubious about find Dude. They drive back to Mark Avenue, toward Burger King, to get something to eat, when they spotted Dude standing in front of East Side Medical Clinic. Ruby told him that his probation officer had stop by and that it would be in his best for him to be home the next time she shows up. Still Dude won’t stay at home, he insisted on living the fast life of the drug trade. Luke meet up with Dude later that week and convinces him that he should go back to school, Dude agreed and they both went to see about Dude getting back in school. Two weeks later Dude had called Luke look from the denotation facility with some shocking news. Dude explained to Luke that after being jumped on by his friend Jaun he had gotten a gun out of anger to scare Jaun. The two of then started fighting when the gun went off and shoot through the floor killing his friend Walker who was downstairs.
“Playgrounds and Punishment”
Dude was really shaken up by this. He didn’t know what was going to happen to him. Dude asked Luke to go back to the house on Pleasant with hopes of getting people’s story straight. When Luke returned about a week late for his weekly visit to the detention facility Dude was still in the mental health unit which is a precautionary measure when kids are first admitted. Dude was afraid that they were going to move him to the new facility that was built across the street and he didn’t want that so he acted as if he had a mental health issue just so they would let him stay in that unit, that he had grow comfortable in.
Luke takes the readers back to his second day of research only to remember how he met Rodney which was in one of the charter school classroom on the first floor of the facility. In remembrance to the old facility he talks about Rodney and his stories of him in the drug game. Meanwhile Rodney who is also in the detention facility speaks about the charges against him. Rodney said that there is no evidence on him so he is confident that he will beat the charges. Anxiously awaiting his trail, the day finally came only to find out that the state had not been able to process its witnesses and his trail had to be postponed unit February 11th.
“Across the Street”
All the kids at the Youth Home detention facility were herded into vans and brought to the brand-new Wayne County Juvenile Detention Facility. With the move to the new facility, the tension between adult and juvenile institutions and the fluidity of the boundaries there. Dude’s first hearing was nearly a month after his incarceration at the detention facility. Dude had been optimistic that he might be tried as a juvenile. He hoped that at least the people likely to be testifying in his case would describe his participation in Walker’s death in the most diminished way possible. At the time of his plea hearing he was offered a plea arrangement. He was given the option to take a 2nd degree murder charge for ten years or he could go to trial. He chose to go to trial which approached with alarming speed. In the end, the jury returned a verdict of involuntary manslaughter. He was sentenced as an adult, to a minimum of ten years in the state penitentiary.
“Neighborhood Watching”
After waiting six months, from the time Rodney’s case was previously postpone, until his new trial Rodney’s case was dismissed and he was sent home because the witnesses’ testimonies were inconsistent. Not soon after he was released from the youth home Rodney was back on the streets hustling with his friends who called themselves the Dexter Boys. Rodney, Antonio (Rodney’s younger brother, and the rest of the Dexter Boys teamed up with Malachi with hopes of making more money. In the fluid structure of the drug trade on Dexter, Malachi represented a measure of stability. They know that he was managing the heroin market on the block and they wanted in on it. Luke asked Rodney if he could spend more time on the block while they were slinging. Rodney insisted that he visit the suburbs with the Dexter Boys before he spent time on Dexter, in their working environment.
“Of Hot Dogs and Heroin”
After hanging out with the Dexter Boys in the suburbs, Luke began to spend more time with the boys while they were slinging. As business began to pick up the Dexter Boys moved into the Coney Island, a restaurant located across the street from the corner where hustling. The restaurant became a blazing heroin spot, where customers would come less for food than a cure for their daily dope sickness. Being that business was booming down at the Coney Island there was a usually large amount of traffic. So the police started watching the place and warned people that they know what was going on. Malachi left word with one of the workers at Coney Island to warn the others in the crew that the police were on to them. Meanwhile members of the Dexter Boys along with Luke went back to Rodney’s house, where he lived with his girlfriend Annie. Rodney had been spending less time on Dexter, trying to find a better way to make more money quickly. While Luke and Rodney were sitting down talking and Rodney told Luke that the Drug Enforcement Agency had been looking for members of his family and he was worried that it was a matter of time before the feds were led to him. After hanging around the house Rodney, Antonio and 2 other Dexter Boys decide to go to a club in Goal Post. Rodney and Antonio both grow tired of the thumping music and decide to leave the club. As Rodney and Antonio were leaving out of the club a man was shot in the parking lot somewhere in front of them.
“Being Seen”
Rodney who has been hiding out every sense the shooting at the club called Luke and asked him to meet him at a hotel. When Luke arrived, Rodney explained what had happen that night at the club and that he heard that there are warrants out for him and Antonio. Rodney gave Luke a piece of paper with a women’s first name on it whom he thought might have seen what happen that night, and asked him to try and find her with hopes of clearing his name. As weeks went by they learned that the charges against Antonio had been dropped, presumably because the witness had a more definitely targeted Rodney. A few weeks later the Wyandotte cops follow Rodney as he was leaving McDonalds. They caught up with him, cuffed him, and put him in the back of the police car. Months later Rodney was led into the courtroom for his pretrial. He was released that day because the witness reported that she had no idea if Rodney had been the shooter in the parking lot that night. Antonio wasn’t around. He had been in a terrible car accident with his friend Rabbit, and was sitting in jail. Rabbit was killed instantly and Antonio walked away without a scratch, but was immediately put into jail and then sentenced to at least two years in prison for possession of a gun. Rodney was keeping his head up. He expressed his plans of turning his life around with hopes of getting into the real estate business and opening up a spot and making some legal money. Luke went to the West coast for a couple of months where he recently started a new job. He returned only to find out Rodney had been killed a month earlier, Luke was devastated. The Dexter Boys told Luke that Rodney had just brought an old building, the DC car wash, in which they called it. He was working on gutting the place and had just finished cleaning it out when he was murdered.
Bibliography
Otis Chandler. (n.d.). Goodreads. April 22, 2010, from
http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3756748.Getting_Ghost_Two_Young_Lives_and_the_Struggle_for_the_Soul_of_Detroit
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Contact Info: To contact the author of this “Summary and Review of Getting Ghost,” please email Ciarra.Small@selu.edu.
Biography
David C. Wyld (dwyld.kwu@gmail.com) is the Robert Maurin Professor of Management at Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana. He is a management consultant, researcher/writer, and executive educator. His blog, Wyld About Business, can be viewed at http://wyld-business.blogspot.com/. He also serves as the Director of the Reverse Auction Research Center (http://reverseauctionresearch.blogspot.com/), a hub of research and news in the expanding world of competitive bidding. Dr. Wyld also maintains compilations of works he has helped his students to turn into editorially-reviewed publications at the following sites:
Management Concepts (http://toptenmanagement.blogspot.com/)
Book Reviews (http://wyld-about-books.blogspot.com/) and
Travel and International Foods (http://wyld-about-food.blogspot.com/).
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Written by David Wyld
Professor of Management, Southeastern Louisiana University
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